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The public timber board
Recent green sawtimber auction results and the premium each winning bid ran over its minimum, salvage and deck sales listed separately
Data through Oct 2026 · source last checked Oct 15, 2026 · page revised Oct 15, 2026
Cite
- Median premium over minimum
- No-bid rate, all sales
About this data
- Source
- Washington DNR, Oregon Department of Forestry, Idaho Department of Lands, Montana DNRC, US Forest Service Region 6 and BLM Western Oregon timber auctions
- Series
- Recent green sawtimber results, ranked by premium over the appraised minimum
- Basis
- Stumpage; $/MBF (state), $/CCF (federal) and $/ton (per-ton sales) kept separate
- Geography
- The Pacific Northwest
- Unit
- %
- Calculation
- Monthly median premium trend
- Last observation
- Oct 2026
- Update frequency
- Event-based; WA DNR auctions monthly
188 green sawtimber sales on the board, a median +39% over minimum, plus 23 salvage/deck/product sales ranked separately and 7 no-bid sales. A high premium means competitive bidding; a no-bid sale means none.
The board shows 188 green sawtimber sales at a median +39% over minimum, with Coal Train selling hardest at +408% on one bid for $18.86 per ton. Chute Zen Ladder and Dern Draw Blowdown followed at +261% and +215% with two to three competing bids each, while seven sales remain no-bid.
| Sale | Agency | Region | Date | Volume | Price | Premium | Bidders | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coal Train | WA DNR | Northwest | Aug 2026 | 30,655 tons | $18.86/ton | +408% | 1 | HAMPTON TREE FARMS LLC |
| Chute Zen Ladder | WA DNR | Northwest Region | Apr 2026 | 1,577 MBF | $288/MBF | +261% | 2 | Hampton Tree Farms, LLC. |
| Dern Draw Blowdown Permit | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Jul 2, 2026 | 1,800 tons | $37.77/ton | +215% | 1 | FLATHEAD TIMBER |
| GNA Rice Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Southwestern Land Office | Feb 6, 2026 | 35,460 tons | $27.73/ton | +215% | 5 | J & E Contracting, LLC |
| GNA Reese's Pieces Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Aug 19, 2026 | 7,608 tons | $29.82/ton | +213% | 3 | Ryan Logging |
| Sunset Potomac | MT DNRC | Southwestern Land Office | Jun 9, 2026 | 11,641 tons | $24.65/ton | +208% | 6 | Adam Bishop Logging LLC |
| GNA Peters Mill Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Aug 28, 2026 | 32,122 tons | $19.87/ton | +198% | 4 | Tamarack Timber |
| GNA Round Meadows Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Oct 29, 2025 | 18,253 tons | $37.35/ton | +196% | 3 | F.H. Stoltze Land & Lumber Co |
| Short Star Blowdown Timber Permit | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Sep 1, 2026 | 2,490 tons | $35.10/ton | +193% | 3 | Adam Bishop Logging LLC |
| Butcher Blowdown Timber Permit | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Aug 20, 2026 | 2,405 tons | $34.86/ton | +191% | 4 | Burk Construction, Inc |
| Whats Up Dock | WA DNR | Northwest Region | May 2026 | 2,305 MBF | $246/MBF | +184% | 3 | Sierra Pacific Industries |
| Coyote | WA DNR | Northwest Region | Jun 2026 | 3,697 MBF | $583/MBF | +166% | 2 | Sierra Pacific Industries |
| Dog Rock | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Dec 9, 2025 | 22,990 tons | $45.27/ton | +162% | 2 | TREASURE STATE TIMBER |
| Flea Flicker | WA DNR | Pacific Cascade Region | Mar 2026 | 7,946 MBF | $290/MBF | +134% | 2 | Hampton Tree Farms, LLC. |
| Morsel SWT and VRH | WA DNR | South Puget Sound Region | Jun 2026 | 3,457 MBF | $291/MBF | +131% | 3 | Hampton Tree Farms, LLC. |
| GNA Baird-Harper Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Jun 17, 2026 | 75,307 tons | $27.01/ton | +125% | 4 | Miller Excavating LLC |
| Hamski | WA DNR | Pacific Cascade Region | Jan 2026 | 4,918 MBF | $299/MBF | +124% | 3 | Merrill & Ring Forest Products, L.P. |
| Black Pearl VRH SWT | WA DNR | Northwest Region | Jun 2026 | 5,554 MBF | $132/MBF | +117% | 2 | Sierra Pacific Industries |
| Rubble | WA DNR | Olympic Region | May 2026 | 7,826 MBF | $283/MBF | +115% | 2 | Interfor U.S. Timber, Inc. |
| Right Step | WA DNR | Northwest Region | May 2026 | 1,027 MBF | $305/MBF | +115% | 4 | Sierra Pacific Industries |
| GNA Pipe Dream Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | May 6, 2026 | 26,389 tons | $15.65/ton | +113% | 4 | Stimson Lumber Co |
| Q Swiss | WA DNR | Northeast Region | Feb 2026 | 2,532 MBF | $119/MBF | +108% | 2 | Boise Cascade Wood Products, LLC. |
| Buttercup | WA DNR | Northwest Region | Jul 2026 | 1,229 MBF | $594/MBF | +105% | 3 | Sierra Pacific Industries |
| Case for Potomac Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Southwestern Land Office | Oct 13, 2026 | 4,067 tons | $24.90/ton | +94% | 6 | Tightline Logging |
| Go West Again VDT | WA DNR | Northwest Region | Jul 2026 | 2,343 MBF | $457/MBF | +90% | 2 | Hampton Tree Farms, LLC. |
| Sale | Agency | Region | Date | Volume | Price | Premium | Bidders | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q South Woody Mtn | WA DNR | Northeast Region | Sep 2026 | 2,337 MBF | $46.51/MBF | >+1,000% | 3 | Hampton Tree Farms, LLC. |
| Birdie SWT | WA DNR | Northwest Region | Aug 2026 | 1,493 MBF | $73.83/MBF | +687% | 3 | Willis Land Management, LLC. |
| G Sabrinus SWT & VRH | WA DNR | South Puget Sound Region | Aug 2026 | 2,887 MBF | $44.83/MBF | +170% | 1 | Willis Land Management, LLC. |
| Q Sugarloaf Salvage | WA DNR | Southeast Region | May 2026 | 910 MBF | $143/MBF | +106% | 2 | C & C Timber, Inc. |
| Echo Explorer VRH Salvage | WA DNR | Northwest Region | May 2026 | 7,864 MBF | $448/MBF | +105% | 4 | Sierra Pacific Industries |
| Browns Meadow Blowdown Salvage | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | May 4, 2026 | 1,792 tons | $23.34/ton | +95% | 3 | FLATHEAD TIMBER |
| Schmidt Creek Sorts | WA DNR | Pacific Cascade Region | May 2026 | 4,943 MBF | $434/MBF | +71% | n/a | n/a |
| Ten Fir Sorts | WA DNR | Pacific Cascade Region | Jul 2026 | 1,320 MBF | $346/MBF | +64% | 2 | n/a |
| Turdy Pointer Sorts | WA DNR | Pacific Cascade Region | Jul 2026 | 5,864 MBF | $337/MBF | +57% | 2 | n/a |
| Q Hope Fire | WA DNR | Northeast Region | Mar 2026 | 2,289 MBF | $23.81/MBF | +51% | 2 | C & C Timber, Inc. |
| Q Mudgett Lake Sorts | WA DNR | Northeast Region | Jun 2026 | 1,920 MBF | $64.09/MBF | +46% | 1 | See Sort Sales Results |
| Klinger Blowdown Salvage Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Aug 27, 2026 | 2,122 tons | $21.00/ton | +42% | 2 | CUMMINGS HAULING |
| GNA Cutaway Decks SYU | MT DNRC | Central Land Office | Sep 30, 2026 | 1,189 tons | $2.04/ton | +36% | 1 | Kanduch Logging Inc |
| Redemption 18 Salvage Permit | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Mar 19, 2026 | 820 tons | $25.43/ton | +34% | 3 | JAG INC |
| WOOD WASP CH Sorts | WA DNR | Northwest Region | Feb 2026 | 1,034 MBF | $61.75/MBF | +13% | 2 | See Sort Sales Results |
| Q Old Douglas Sorts | WA DNR | Northeast Region | Jun 2026 | 2,337 MBF | $236/MBF | +9% | 2 | See Sort Sales Results |
| Down Undi | WA DNR | Olympic Region | Mar 2026 | 1,283 MBF | $50.05/MBF | +7% | 2 | Harbor Timber |
| Q Crown Creek Fire Salvage | WA DNR | Northeast Region | Mar 2026 | 11,874 MBF | $101/MBF | +6% | 1 | Vaagen Bros. Lumber, Inc. |
| Keedy Hill Salvage | WA DNR | Northeast Region | Sep 2026 | 1,324 MBF | $53.27/MBF | +4% | 1 | Vaagen Bros. Lumber, Inc. |
| GNA Harley DxP Timber Sale | MT DNRC | Central Land Office | Jan 14, 2026 | 3,896 tons | $5.12/ton | +2% | 1 | Iron Pine Company, LLC |
| Banana Fire Salvage | MT DNRC | Northwestern Land Office | Mar 5, 2026 | 7,857 tons | $8.54/ton | +1% | 1 | THOMPSON RIVER LUMBER, INC |
| Loseth Salvage | IDL | Clearwater | Jun 1, 2026 | 1,780 MBF | $200/MBF | +0% | n/a | IFG Timber LLC |
| Campbell Wedge Salvage | ODF | Western Lane | Mar 5, 2026 | 101 MBF | $239/MBF | n/a | 1 | IRON HORSE LOGGING |
| Date | Sale | Agency | Volume | Price | Premium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 13, 2026 | Case for Potomac Timber Sale | MT DNRC | 4,067 tons | $24.90/ton | +94% |
| Oct 6, 2026 | Stryker Timber Sale | MT DNRC | 2,828 tons | $23.50/ton | +14% |
| Sep 30, 2026 | GNA Cutaway Decks SYU | MT DNRC | 1,189 tons | $2.04/ton | +36% |
| Sep 2026 | Raw Bin Hood | WA DNR | 272 MBF | No bids | n/a |
| Sep 2026 | Reflection | WA DNR | 6,526 MBF | $444/MBF | +26% |
| Sep 2026 | Eye Bolt | WA DNR | 972 MBF | $404/MBF | +58% |
| Sep 2026 | Take Two | WA DNR | 1,763 MBF | $290/MBF | +18% |
| Sep 2026 | Prairie Mountain VDT VRH | WA DNR | 1,944 MBF | $173/MBF | +5% |
| Sep 2026 | Rotor Wash | WA DNR | 22,494 tons | No bids | n/a |
| Sep 2026 | Sasse Salmon | WA DNR | 4,023 tons | $18.64/ton | +12% |
| Sep 2026 | Q South Woody Mtn | WA DNR | 2,337 MBF | $46.51/MBF | >+1,000% |
| Sep 2026 | Keedy Hill Salvage | WA DNR | 1,324 MBF | $53.27/MBF | +4% |
| Sep 18, 2026 | Standard Bearer | ODF | 3,310 MBF | $622/MBF | n/a |
| Sep 15, 2026 | Middle Sager | ODF | 10,972 MBF | $712/MBF | n/a |
| Sep 14, 2026 | Coyote GNA | ODF | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Sep 14, 2026 | Outback GNA | ODF | 4,147 MBF | $509/MBF | n/a |
| Sep 3, 2026 | Fast Horse Timber Sale | MT DNRC | 5,931 tons | $28.10/ton | +66% |
| Sep 1, 2026 | Short Star Blowdown Timber Permit | MT DNRC | 2,490 tons | $35.10/ton | +193% |
| Sep 2026 | Bakers Dozen | WA DNR | 1,661 MBF | $251/MBF | +0% |
| Sep 2026 | Elk Mill | WA DNR | 10,740 MBF | $142/MBF | +8% |
| Sep 2026 | Q Dead End | WA DNR | 2,979 MBF | No bids | n/a |
| Aug 28, 2026 | GNA Peters Mill Timber Sale | MT DNRC | 32,122 tons | $19.87/ton | +198% |
| Aug 27, 2026 | Klinger Blowdown Salvage Timber Sale | MT DNRC | 2,122 tons | $21.00/ton | +42% |
| Aug 2026 | Country Boy | WA DNR | 5,238 MBF | No bids | n/a |
| Aug 2026 | East May VDT VRH | WA DNR | 4,582 MBF | $187/MBF | +31% |
| Sale | Agency | Region / forest | Volume | Minimum | Auction | Re-offer outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw Bin Hood | WA DNR | South Puget Sound Region | 272 MBF | $57,000 | Sep 2026 | No re-offer found |
| Rotor Wash | WA DNR | Northwest | 22,494 tons | $11,247 | Sep 2026 | No re-offer found |
| Q Dead End | WA DNR | Southeast Region | 2,979 MBF | $38,000 | Sep 2026 | No re-offer found |
| Country Boy | WA DNR | Pacific Cascade Region | 5,238 MBF | $870,000 | Aug 2026 | No re-offer found |
| Q Parody Peak | WA DNR | Northeast Region | 4,960 MBF | $1,280,000 | Aug 2026 | No re-offer found |
| Malua | WA DNR | Northwest Region | 2,467 MBF | $388,000 | Jun 2026 | No re-offer found |
| Q South Nancy Creek | WA DNR | Northeast Region | 833 MBF | $165,000 | May 2026 | No re-offer found |
| Month | Completed sales | No bids | State volume | Federal volume | Per-ton volume | State sawtimber price | Median premium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 2026 | 2 | 0 | – | – | 6,895 tons | – | +54% |
| Sep 2026 | 19 | 3 | 48,947 MBF | – | 36,127 tons | $430/MBF | +18% |
| Aug 2026 | 28 | 2 | 53,051 MBF | – | 229,604 tons | $451/MBF | +36% |
| Jul 2026 | 20 | 0 | 44,271 MBF | – | 153,741 tons | $443/MBF | +46% |
| Jun 2026 | 40 | 1 | 115,987 MBF | – | 110,554 tons | $359/MBF | +24% |
| May 2026 | 23 | 1 | 66,352 MBF | – | 72,206 tons | $357/MBF | +58% |
| Apr 2026 | 15 | 0 | 42,290 MBF | – | 292,426 tons | $351/MBF | +38% |
| Mar 2026 | 19 | 0 | 70,203 MBF | – | 13,980 tons | $468/MBF | +53% |
| Feb 2026 | 14 | 0 | 36,743 MBF | – | 47,215 tons | $441/MBF | +47% |
| Jan 2026 | 19 | 0 | 43,560 MBF | – | 72,079 tons | $359/MBF | +38% |
| Dec 2025 | 4 | 0 | 2,547 MBF | – | 32,460 tons | $465/MBF | +103% |
| Nov 2025 | 6 | 0 | 1,700 MBF | – | 34,729 tons | $548/MBF | +5% |
| Oct 2025 | 12 | 0 | 15,816 MBF | – | 62,973 tons | $481/MBF | +44% |
| Sep 2025 | 6 | 0 | 10,427 MBF | 9,300 CCF | – | $663/MBF | – |
| Aug 2025 | 9 | 0 | 14,895 MBF | – | 173,320 tons | $404/MBF | +167% |
| Jul 2025 | 6 | 0 | 2,135 MBF | – | 34,965 tons | $483/MBF | +81% |
| Jun 2025 | 10 | 0 | 21,807 MBF | 2,074 CCF | – | $642/MBF | +0% |
| May 2025 | 7 | 0 | 18,313 MBF | – | – | $733/MBF | – |
| Apr 2025 | 3 | 0 | 22,195 MBF | – | – | $656/MBF | – |
| Mar 2025 | 7 | 0 | 18,688 MBF | – | – | $729/MBF | – |
| Feb 2025 | 7 | 0 | 10,093 MBF | 66 CCF | – | $659/MBF | – |
| Jan 2025 | 1 | 0 | 3,439 MBF | – | – | $737/MBF | – |
| Nov 2024 | 6 | 0 | 5,424 MBF | 383 CCF | – | $591/MBF | – |
| Oct 2024 | 5 | 0 | 5,852 MBF | – | – | $373/MBF | – |
| Sep 2024 | 6 | 0 | 7,596 MBF | 25,136 CCF | – | $405/MBF | – |
| Aug 2024 | 9 | 0 | 29,745 MBF | 1,838 CCF | – | $373/MBF | – |
| Jul 2024 | 4 | 0 | 21,154 MBF | – | – | $591/MBF | – |
| Jun 2024 | 5 | 0 | 16,862 MBF | – | – | $574/MBF | – |
| May 2024 | 10 | 0 | 24,282 MBF | 26,673 CCF | – | $527/MBF | – |
| Apr 2024 | 2 | 0 | 10,992 MBF | – | – | $566/MBF | – |
| Mar 2024 | 4 | 0 | 23,129 MBF | – | – | $665/MBF | – |
| Feb 2024 | 2 | 0 | 14,182 MBF | – | – | $630/MBF | – |
| Jan 2024 | 6 | 0 | 20,243 MBF | 2,883 CCF | – | $636/MBF | – |
| Dec 2023 | 5 | 0 | 14,142 MBF | 415 CCF | – | $716/MBF | – |
| Nov 2023 | 3 | 0 | 12,937 MBF | – | – | $657/MBF | – |
| Oct 2023 | 2 | 0 | 9,323 MBF | – | – | $527/MBF | – |
| Sep 2023 | 4 | 0 | 12,096 MBF | – | – | $603/MBF | – |
| Aug 2023 | 6 | 0 | 13,521 MBF | 31,358 CCF | – | $657/MBF | – |
| Jul 2023 | 5 | 0 | 4,288 MBF | – | – | $754/MBF | – |
| Buyer | Wins | Volume won | Winning bids | Wins most in | Latest win |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hampton Tree Farms LLC | 50 | 134,760 MBF + 82,812 CCF + 30,655 tons | $97,131,307 | Astoria (13 of 50) | Sep 2026 |
| Stimson Lumber | 42 | 155,118 MBF + 114,093 tons | $92,605,552 | Astoria (13 of 42) | Aug 2026 |
| Sierra Pacific Industries | 27 | 96,088 MBF + 2,728 CCF | $45,027,305 | Northwest Region (8 of 27) | Sep 15, 2026 |
| Boise Cascade Wood Products LLC Monmouth | 14 | 63,564 MBF | $41,746,135 | Forest Grove (11 of 14) | Sep 18, 2026 |
| Interfor U.s. Timber, INC. | 11 | 35,702 MBF | $11,190,038 | Olympic Region (4 of 11) | Sep 2026 |
| Boise Cascade Wood Products LLC Medford | 10 | 28,075 MBF | $18,846,479 | Western Lane (6 of 10) | Sep 14, 2026 |
| Murphy Company | 9 | 14,123 MBF | $7,590,317 | South Puget Sound Region (2 of 9) | Aug 2026 |
| Stoken Logging INC | 8 | 94,611 tons | $2,651,403 | Northwestern Land Office (8 of 8) | Oct 6, 2026 |
| IFG Timber LLC | 7 | 16,405 MBF + 143,172 tons | $6,377,454 | Boise National Forest (1 of 7) | Jun 1, 2026 |
| Freres Lumber CO INC | 6 | 30,979 MBF | $20,875,145 | Forest Grove (3 of 6) | May 21, 2026 |
| Gilchrist Forest Products LLC | 6 | 2,952 MBF | $1,213,745 | Klamath-Lake (6 of 6) | May 18, 2026 |
| Zip-o-log Mills INC | 5 | 16,438 MBF | $14,364,479 | Astoria (3 of 5) | Jun 16, 2026 |
| C & C Timber, Inc. | 5 | 910 MBF + 2,381 CCF | $245,123 | Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (4 of 5) | May 2026 |
| Swanson Group Mfg LLC | 4 | 1,364 MBF | $1,474,683 | Western Lane (2 of 4) | Sep 14, 2026 |
| Flathead Timber | 4 | 4,897 tons | $143,470 | Northwestern Land Office (4 of 4) | Jul 2, 2026 |
| Scott Timber CO | 4 | 6,450 MBF | $5,719,426 | Southwest Oregon (3 of 4) | Jun 15, 2026 |
| Bell Timber INC | 4 | 16,497 MBF | $13,347,068 | Forest Grove (3 of 4) | Sep 19, 2025 |
| Banks Rock Products | 4 | 335 MBF | $81,383 | Forest Grove (4 of 4) | Jul 21, 2023 |
| Yakama Forest Products | 4 | 11,015 CCF | $399,099 | Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest (4 of 4) | Oct 27, 2021 |
| Willis Land Management, LLC. | 3 | 5,972 MBF | $341,675 | Northwest Region (2 of 3) | Aug 2026 |
| F.H. Stoltze Land & Lumber Co | 3 | 73,568 tons | $939,740 | Northwestern Land Office (3 of 3) | Aug 25, 2026 |
| PotlatchDeltic | 3 | 12,775 MBF | $5,009,534 | St. Joe (3 of 3) | Jun 1, 2026 |
| Parke Logging | 3 | 63,215 tons | $950,928 | Central Land Office (1 of 3) | Jan 7, 2026 |
| Bighorn Logging CORP. | 3 | 16,403 MBF | $9,814,577 | Forest Grove (2 of 3) | Apr 18, 2025 |
Previous weeks
Week of Sep 15, 2026
176 green sawtimber sales on the board show a median premium of +42% over minimum. Eight sales remain unbid.
Week of Aug 15, 2026
The board's 171 green sawtimber sales ran a median +39% over minimum, showing strong bidder competition. Chute Zen Ladder (WA DNR) led at +261% premium when Hampton Tree Farms won at $288/MBF with two bidders; Dern Draw Blowdown Permit hit +215% with a single bidder at $37.77/ton. Eight sales have drawn no bids.
An earlier week
The GNA Mo Joe Timber Sale sold 273 percent over minimum with three bidders at $20.91 per ton. Chute Zen Ladder in Washington's Northwest Region drew two bidders and a 261 percent premium at $288 per MBF. Across 178 green sawtimber sales on the board, the median premium is 22.6 percent over minimum and the no-bid rate is zero.
Week of Aug 20, 2026
The median green sawtimber premium is 22.6 percent over minimum, with zero no-bid sales recorded across 178 offerings on the board. The GNA Mo Joe Timber Sale from Montana DNRC sold 273 percent over minimum at $20.91 per ton, drawing 3 bidders. The Chute Zen Ladder from WA DNR sold 261 percent over minimum at $288 per MBF, with most top-tier tracts carrying premiums above 200 percent and sustained bidding across all offerings.
About The public timber board
This is the board: recent public timber-sale results, split into two classes. The headline table is GREEN SAWTIMBER, standing timber sold on a real appraised minimum, ranked by the premium the winning bid ran over that minimum, the competitive-heat signal no single agency publishes. The second table is SALVAGE, DECK and PRODUCT sales, tree-length product decks, log decks, salvage, biomass, firewood, log sorts, stewardship and product sales, which price on token minimums where any real bid produces a four-or-five-digit premium, so those premiums are shown capped at >+1,000% and ranked in their own class rather than blended into the sawtimber signal. The headline premium stat is the median over green sawtimber, not the mean, for the same reason. A sale that drew no bid is shown as no-bid, not a zero price. Federal prices are in $/CCF, state prices in $/MBF, and Idaho and Montana per-ton sales in $/ton, so compare within a unit, not across them. How the classification works is on the methodology page. The site reports the results; it never advises what to bid. The rankings cover the last 12 months of results; every result, older ones included, is listed on its region page. Results through: MT DNRC Oct 13, 2026, WA DNR September 2026, ODF Sep 18, 2026, IDL Jun 1, 2026. Washington DNR reports the auction month; the Forest Service reports an exact bid-opening date. Below the rankings: the sales that drew no bid in the last 24 months and whether they came back to auction, completed sales month by month, and the buyers with 3 or more wins on the tracked record.